research:research [davidjohnpaul.com]

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====== Research ======

My research interests are mostly in the areas of the Internet, Cloud computing, networking, and security and privacy.
However I am also interested in many areas of applied computer science, including e-Health, agriculture, sports science, business, and education.

Please get in touch (<David.Paul@une.edu.au>) if you'd like me to be involved in a project in these areas (if you would like me to supervise you for a research degree please [[miscellaneous:research|read this first]]). Please also see my [[https://scholar.google.com.au/citations?hl=en&user=vanLg40AAAAJ|Google Scholar profile]].

===== Grants =====
  - University of New England SABL Teaching & Learning Grant, $9,967. //Development of Labs to Support Teaching and Learning Activities for Cybersecurity Training//. With Tupakula, Brankovic, Billingsley, and Gaywood (2023)
  - University of New England SABL Teaching & Learning Grant, $9,971. //Creating and Developing Repository of Industry Partners for Cybersecurity and Computer Science Units and Projects//. With Sadgrove, Brankovic, Tupakula, and Wysel (2023)
  - Australian Council of Deans of Information & Communications Technology, $16,000. //Technical and Educational Guidelines for Personalising Assessments through Assessment-as-Learning in Cybersecurity//. With Sakzad, Sheard, Brankovic, Skerritt, Li, Billingsley, and Simon (2022-2023)
  - SheepCRC, $496,087. //Livestock Research Database//. With Kwan and Billingsley, (2015-2016)
  - SheepCRC, $667,408. //Livestock App Building//. With Kwan and Billingsley (2015-2016)
  - NeCTAR, $687,980. //Extension and Enhancement of Systems for the Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank (ASRB)//. With Henskens, Loughland, McCabe, Bridge, Carr, and Duffy (2012)

===== Peer-reviewed Publications =====
  - Billingsley, W., Brankovic, L., Li, N., **Paul, D.**, Sakzad, A., Skerritt, M. P., and Sheard, J. [[iticse25|Diverging Assessment: A Student Perspective]], the 30th ACM Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education V. 1 (ITiCSE 2025), June 2025.
  - Ford, J., Sadgrove, E., **Paul, D.** [[pa2025|"Joint plant-spraypoint detector with ConvNeXt modules and HistMatch normalization"]], Precision Agriculture, 26(24), 2025.
  - Tori, M., **Paul, D.**, Billingsley, W. [[itisia2024|"Using a Memetic Algorithm to Discover Secure S-Boxes"]], Innovative Technologies in Intelligent Systems and Industrial Applications, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 117, 2024.
  - Van der Merwe, A., **Paul, D.**, Schmalz, J., Schaerf, T. [[dmsc2024|"Keyed S-boxes from sponge functions"]], Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography, 27(8), 2241–2254, 2024.
  - Cummins, C., Charlton, G., Buxton, S., Shorter, K., **Paul, D.**, Murphy, A. [[smif2024|"Need a break? The locomotor and tackle pacing profile and loads of women’s rugby league match-play following various between-match turnaround durations"]], Science and Medicine in Football, Vol. 1, No. 14, 2024.
  - Kurdi, M. H., Denden, M., **Paul, D.** [[jis2024|"A Study on the Challenges of Human-Centric Cyber-Security and the Guarantee of Information Quality"]], Journal of Information Security, Vol 15, No 2, 2024.
  - Balogh, M., Billingsley, W., **Paul, D.**, Kennan, M.A., Robertson-Dean, M. [[ir2024|"Practices and pain points in personal records"]], Information Research, Vol 29, No 1, 2024.
  - Sakzad, A., **Paul, D.**, Sheard, J., Brankovic, L., Skerritt, M. P., Li, N., Minagar, S., Simon, Billingsley, W. [[sigcse24|"Diverging assessments: What, Why, and Experiences"]], SIGCSE 2024: Proceedings of the 55th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 1, March 2024.
  - Wiltshire, I., Adapa, S., **Paul, D.** [[smebu2023|"Pandemic Speed: Accelerating Innovation in Cyber Security"]], In Adapa, S., McKeown, T., Lazaris, M., Jurado, T. (eds) Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, and Business Uncertainty. Palgrave Studies in Global Entrepreneurship. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore, 2023.
  - Tori, M., **Paul, D.**, Billingsley, W. [[citisia2023|"Using A Memetic Algorithm to Discover Secure S-Boxes"]], Conference on Innovative Technologies in Intelligent Systems & Industrial Applications (CITISIA2023), 2023.
  - Van der Merwe, A., **Paul, D.**, Schmalz, J., Schaerf, T. [[dmsc2023|"An examination of the security of the TR-31 and AS 2805 schemes"]], Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography, 26(6), 1761–1771, 2023.
  - Ford, J., Sadgrove, E., **Paul, D.** [[sat2023|"Developing an extreme learning machine based approach to weed segmentation in pastures"]], Smart Agricultural Technology, 2023.
  - Ud Din, F., **Paul, D.** [[intellisys2022|"Demystifying xAOSF/AOSR framework in the context of Digital Twin and Industry 4.0"]], Intelligent Systems and Applications (IntelliSys 2022), Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 544, 2023.
  - Cummins, C., Charlton, G., **Paul, D.**, Buxton, S., Murphy, A. [[smif2022|"How fast is fast? Defining Velocity Zones in Women’s Rugby League"]], Science and Medicine in Football, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2023.
  - Cummins, C., Charlton, G., **Paul, D.**, Murphy, A. [[smif2022b|"Changing gears: data-driven velocity zones to support monitoring and research in men’s rugby league"]], Science and Medicine in Football, 2022.
  - Ud Din, F., **Paul, D.**, Henskens, F., Wallis, M., Hashmi, M. [[ijads2021|"AOSR: An Agent Oriented Storage and Retrieval WMS planner for SMEs, associated with AOSF framework, under Industry 4.0"]], International Journal of Applied Decision Sciences, Vol. 15, No. 5, 2022.
  - Abed-alguni, B., Alawad, N., Al-Betar, M. A., **Paul, D.**, [[ai2022b|"Opposition-based Sine Cosine Optimizer Utilizing Refraction Learning and Variable Neighborhood Search for Feature Selection"]], Applied Intelligence 2022.
  - Alghamdi, A., **Paul, D.**, Sadgrove, E., [[sncs2022|"Designing a RESTful Northbound Interface for Incompatible Software Defined Network Controllers"]], SN Computer Science, 3(502), 2022.
  - Balogh, M., Billingsley, W., **Paul, D.**, Kennan, M.A. [[am2022|"Attributes of Personal Electronic Records"]], Archives & Manuscripts, 50(1), pp 47-70, 2022.
  - Schmalz, J., **Paul, D.**, Shorter, K., Schmalz, X., Cooper, M., Murphy, A. [[mathsport22|"Modelling human gait using a nonlinear differential equation"]], 16th Australasian Conference on Mathematics and Computers in Sport (Mathsport 2022), 2022.
  - Balogh, M., Billingsley, W., **Paul, D.**, Kennan, M.A. [[ir2022|"Understanding the management of personal records at home: A virtual guided tour"]], Information Research, 27(2), paper 926, 2022.
  - Tori, M., **Paul, D.**, Billingsley, W. [[icwmc2022|"Considerations When Designing Sponge-based Extendable-Output Functions for Lightweight and Mobile Devices"]], The Eighteenth International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications (ICWMC), 2022.
  - Abed-alguni, B., **Paul, D.**, Hammad, R. [[ai2022|"Improved Salp Swarm Algorithm for Solving Single-objective Continuous Optimization Problems"]], Applied Intelligence, 2022.
  - Abed-alguni, B., **Paul, D.** [[soft2021|"Island-based Cuckoo Search with Elite Opposition-based Learning and Multiple Mutation Methods for Solving Optimization Problems"]], Soft Computing, 2022.
  - H.K., J., Henskens, F., **Paul, D.**, Wallis, M. [[ijcat2020b|"Formal Specification at Model-Level of Model-Driven Engineering using Modelling Techniques"]], International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, 67(4), 2021.
  - Shojaeipour, A., Falzon, G., Kwan, P., Hadavi, N., Cowley, F.C., **Paul, D.** [[agron2021|"Automated Muzzle Detection and Biometric Identification via Few-Shot Deep Transfer Learning of Mixed Breed Cattle"]], Agronomy, 11(11), 2365, November 2021.
  - Alghamdi, A., **Paul, D.** and Sadgrove, E. [[webist2021|"A RESTful Northbound Interface for Applications in Software Defined Networks"]], 17th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies (WEBIST 2021), pp. 453-459, October 2021.
  - Cummins, C., Charlton, G., **Paul, D.**, Shorter, K., Buxton, S., Caia, J., Murphy, A. [[frontiers2021|"Women’s rugby league: Positional groups and peak locomotor demands "]], Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 3, 2021.
  - Ud Din, F., **Paul, D.**, Ryan, J., Henskens, F., Wallis, M. [[fi2021|"AOSR 2.0: A Novel Approach and Thorough Validation of Agent Oriented Storage and Retrieval WMS planner for SMEs, under Industry 4.0"]], Future Internet, 13(6), 155, June 2021.
  - Ud Din, F., **Paul, D.**, Henskens, F., Wallis, M. [[jsw2020b|"Conceptualised Visualisation of Extended Agent Oriented Smart Factory (xAOSF) framework with associated AOSR-WMS system"]], Journal of Software, 16(4), 2021.
  - Din F.U., Paul D., Ryan J., Henskens F., Wallis M. [[amas2020|"Revitalising and Validating the Novel Approach of xAOSF Framework Under Industry 4.0 in Comparison with Linear SC"]] In Jezic G., Chen-Burger J., Kusek M., Sperka R., Howlett R., Jain L. (eds) Agents and Multi-Agent Systems: Technologies and Applications 2020. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol 186. Springer, Singapore, 2020.
  - HK, J., Jetley, R., Henskens, F., **Paul, D.**, Wallis, M., SD, S. [[ijcat2020|"Multi-Level Analysis of IEC 61131-3 Languages to Detect Clones"]], International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, October 2020.
  - Ud Din, F., **Paul, D.**, Ryan, J., Henskens, F., Wallis, M. [[jsw2020|"Validating Time Efficiency of AOSR 2.0: A Novel WMS planner Algorithm for SMEs, under Industry 4.0"]], Journal of Software, 15(2), pp. 53-61, 2020.
  - Abed-alguni, B., **Paul, D.** [[jisys2018|"Hybridizing The Cuckoo Search Algorithm with Different Mutation operators for Numerical Optimization Problems"]], Journal of Intelligent Systems, Vol. 29 (Issue 1), pp. 1043-1062, 2020.
  - Guo, L, Wang, W., Kwan, P., Welch, M., **Paul, D.**, Chen, G., Xu, B. [[ast2019|"Advances in livestock behavior monitoring based on accelerometer motion sensor."]] Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology (Beijing) 21.3, pp.94-101, 2019.
  - HK, J., Jetley, R., Henskens, F., **Paul, D.**, Wallis, M., SD, S. [[icit2019|"Analysis of Industrial Control System Software to Detect Semantic Clones"]], International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT19), Melbourne, Australia, IEEE, February 2019.
  - Ud Din, F., Henskens, F., **Paul, D.**, Wallis, M. [[ten2018|"Formalisation of Problem and Domain Definition for Agent Oriented Smart Factory (AOSF)"]], IEEE TENSYMP 2018, Sydney, Australia, IEEE, July 2018.
  - Fitzgerald, P. T., Kahn, L. P., Shahinfar, S., **Paul, D.**, Goodacre, M. Kemmis, L. S. [[ap2018|"On Farm Validation of ASKBILL – A Sheep Wellbeing and Productivity Application for Australian Industry"]], Animal Production 2018: Fostering Innovation through the Value Chain, Wagga Wagga, Australia, July 2018.
  - Ud Din, F., Henskens, F., **Paul, D.**, Wallis, M. [[kes18|"Agent-Oriented Smart Factory (AOSF): An MAS Based Framework for SMEs Under Industry 4.0"]], In Agents and Multi-Agent Systems: Technologies and Applications 2018 Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Agents and Multi-Agent Systems: Technologies and Applications (KES-AMSTA-18). 44-54. Springer, May 2018 (Awarded Best Paper at conference).
  - Hk, J., Henskens, F., **Paul, D.**, Wallis, M. [[i2ct2018|"Clone Detection in Model-Based Development Using Formal Methods to Enhance Performance in Software Development"]], In 3rd International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT), Pune, India, IEEE, April 2018.
  - Agarwal, N., Kwan, P., and **Paul, D.** [[sc2018|"Behavioral merger and acquisition pricing: Application to Verizon mergers with AOL and Yahoo"]], Strategic Change, 27(1), pp. 9-22, January 2018.
  - Agarwal, N., Kwan, P., and **Paul, D.** [[emfm2018|"Merger and Acquisition Pricing using Agent Based Modelling"]], Economics, Management, and Financial Markets, 13(1), pp. 84-99, January 2018.
  - Shaw, A., **Paul, D.**, Billingsley, W., Kwan, P., and Wilson, R. [[its2017|"Gamification in e-Mental Health: Development of a Digital Intervention addressing Severe Mental Illness and Metabolic Syndrome"]], IADIS International Conference on Internet Technologies & Society (ITS 2017), Sydney, Australia, IADIS, pp. 83-90, December 2017.
  - McCrabb, S., Bonevski, B., Balogh, Z., Baker, A., Harris, I. A., Attia, J., Lott, N., Naylor, J., Doran, C., George, J., Wolfenden, L., Wallis, M., **Paul, D.**, Henskens, F., and Skelton, E. [[bmj2017|"Development of an online smoking cessation program for use in hospital and following discharge: Smoke-Free Recovery"]], BMJ Innovations, 3(2), March 2017.
  - Wallis, M., Henskens, F. A., Hannaford, M. and **Paul, D.** J. [[icita2017|"Implementation and Evaluation of a Component-Based framework for Internet Applications"]], Information Technology in Industry, 5(1), pp. 16-23, March 2017.
  - Jnanamurthy HK, Henskens, F. A. and **Paul, D.** [[ic3i2016|"Verification of Interactive Automated Air Traffic Control System in a Model Driven Approach"]], 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics (IC3I 2016), December 2016.
  - Wilson, R. L., **Paul, D.**, Kwan, P. W. H, Billingsley, W and Shaw, A. [[iepa102016|"MetaMood Phase Two: The software engineering of an Android app for a mental health e-health intervention using a novel gaming strategy"]] (abstract), IEPA10 Early Intervention in Mental Health, October 2016.
  - Wallis, M., Henskens, F. A., **Paul, D.**, and Hannaford, M. [[icita2016|"Implementation and Evaluation of a Component-Based framework for Internet Applications"]], 11th International Conference on Information Technology and Applications (ICITA2016), July 2016.
  - Abed-Alguni, B. H., **Paul, D.**, Chalup, S. K., and Henskens, F. A. [[ijai2016|"A Comparison Study of Cooperative Q-learning Algorithms for Independent Learners"]], International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 14:1, pp 71-93, March 2016.
  - Abed-Alguni, B. H., Chalup, S. K., Henskens, F. A., and **Paul, D.** [[vjcs2015|"A Multi-Agent Cooperative Reinforcement Learning Model Using a Hierarchy of Consultants, Tutors and Workers"]], Vietnam Journal of Computer Science, 2:4, pp 213-226, November 2015.
  - Fradgley, E. A., Paul, C. L., Bryany, J., Roos, I. A. G., Henskens, F. A., and **Paul, D.** [[jmir2014|"Consumer Participation in Quality Improvements for Chronic Disease Care: Development and Evaluation of an Interactive Patient-centered Survey to Identify Preferred Service Initiatives"]], Journal of Medical Internet Research, December 2014.
  - Henskens, F. A., **Paul, D.**, Wallis, M., Bryant, J., Carey, M., Fradgley, E., Koller, C. E., Paul, C. L., Sanson-Fisher, R. W., and Zucca, A. [[ehealth2014b|"How do Health Researchers Benefit from Web-based Survey Systems?"]], The 6th International Conference on e-Health, Lisbon, Portugal, IADIS, pp. 254-262, July 2014.
  - **Paul, D.**, Henskens, F. A., Bryant, J., Smits, R., Sanson-Fisher, R.W., and Stevenson, W. [[ehealth2014|"The Haematology Treatment Aid: Providing Personalized Information to Patients and Carers"]], The 6th International Conference on e-Health, Lisbon, Portugal, IADIS, pp. 372-376, July 2014.
  - **Paul, D.** and Henskens, F. A. [[lnbip2013|"Engineering Flexible Service-Oriented Transactions"]], Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing (LNBIP), Volume 189, Springer-Verlag, pp 37-52, July 2014.
  - Henskens, F. A., **Paul, D.**, Wallis, M., Bryant, J., Carey, M., Fradgley, E., Koller, C. E., Paul, C. L., Sanson-Fisher, R. W. and Zucca, A. [[healthinf2014|"Web-based Support for Population-based Medical Research - Presenting the QuON Survey System"]], The 7th International Conference on Health Informatics (HealthInf14), Angers, France, INSTICC, March 2014.
  - **Paul, D.**, Henskens, F. A. and Bridge, J. [[eres2013|"Improving the Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank"]], eResearch Australasia (eRes2013), Brisbane, Australia, 2013.
  - **Paul, D.**, Wallis, M., Henskens, F. A. and Nolan, K. [[webist2013a|"QuON - A Generic Platform for the Collation and Sharing of Web Survey Data"]], The 9th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies (WEBIST2013), Aachen, Germany, INSTICC, pp. 111-116, May 2013.
  - **Paul, D.**, Henskens, F. A. and Hannaford, M. R. [[webist2013|"Dynamic Transactional Workflows In Service-Oriented Environments"]], The 9th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies (WEBIST2013), Aachen, Germany, INSTICC, pp. 26-36, May 2013.
  - **Paul, D.**, Henskens, F.A., Loughland, C., McCabe, K., Bridge, J., Duffy, L., Carr, V., Catts, S., Jablensky, A., Michie, P., Mowry, B., Pantelis, P., Schall, U., and Scott, R.J. [[its2012|"Issues Preventing the Migration of the Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank to The Cloud"]], IADIS International Conference on Internet Technologies & Society (ITS 2012), Perth, Australia, IADIS, pp. 305-308, November 2012.
  - Paul D., [[phd|"Deliberate Cooperation in Service-Oriented Environments: Dynamic Transactional Workflows for Web Services"]], PhD thesis, University of Newcastle, Australia, 2012.
  - Henskens, F.A., **Paul, D.**, Loughland, C., Bridge, J., McCabe, K., Catts, S., Jablensky, A., Michie, P., Mowry, B., Pantelis, P., Schall, U., Tooney, P., Duffy, L. and Carr, V. [[schizophreniaresearch2012|"The Australian Schizophrenia Research Biobank (ASRB): IT development and management of a live e-research system"]], Schizophrenia Research 136(Supplement 1), Elsevier, pp. S250, 2012.
  - **Paul, D.** Henskens, F.A. Loughland C.M., Bridge, J., McCabe K., Carr, V.J., Catts, S.V., Jablensky, A., Michie, P.T., Mowry, B.J., Pantelis, C., Schall, U. and Scott, R.J., [[healthinf2012|"IT Development and Management of a Live e-Research System: Experiences with the Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank"]], The 5th International Conference on Health Informatics (HealthInf2012), Vilamoura, Portugal, INSTICC, pp. 125-130, February 2012.
  - Alharbi, A., **Paul, D.**, Henskens, F. A. and Hannaford, M. R. [[ascilite2011|"An Investigation into the Learning Styles and Self-Regulated Learning Strategies for Computer Science Students"]], Changing Demands, Changing Directions. ascilite, pp. 36-46, December 2011.
  - **Paul, D.**, Henskens, F. A. and Hannaford, M. R. [[webist2011|"Simulating Web Services Transactions"]], Web Services Principles & Applications (WSPA) at 7th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies (WEBIST2011), Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, INSTICC/ACM-SIGMIS, pp. 615-623, May 2011.
  - Henskens, F., Carr, V., Catts, S., Jablensky, A., Michie, P., Loughland, C., McCabe, K., Mowry, B., Nasir, A., Pantelis, C., Rasser, P., **Paul, D.**, Richards, J., Schall, U. and Scott, R. [[schizophreniaresearch2010|"The Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank (ASRB): An example of eResearch"]], Schizophrenia Research Society Congress, Florence, Italy, April 2010.
  - **Paul, D.**, Henskens, F. A. and Hannaford, M. R. [[webist2010|"Per-request Contracts for Web Services Transactions"]], The 6th International Conference on Web Information Systems & Technologies (WEBIST2010), Valencia, Spain, INSTICC, pp. 81-88, April 2010.
  - Henskens, F. A., Carr, V. J., Catts, S. V., Jablensky, A., Michie, P. T., Loughland, C. M., Mowry, B. J., Nasir, A., Pantelis, C., **Paul, D.**, Rasser, P., Richards, J. M., Schall, U. and Scott, R. J., [[eres2009|"An Example of eResearch: The Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank"]], eResearch Australasia (ERes2009), Sydney, Australia, November 2009.
  - Wallis, M., **Paul, D.**, Henskens, F. A. and Hannaford, M. R. [[webist2009|"Web Browser Transactionality"]], The 5th International Conference on Web Information Systems & Technologies (WEBIST2009), Lisbon, Portugal, INSTICC, pp. 93-100, March 2009.
  - Henskens, F. A., Loughland, C. M., Aphale, M. S., **Paul, D.**, Richards, J. M., Rasser, P., Carr, V. J., Catts, S. V., Jablensky, A., Michie, P. T., Mowry, B. J., Pantelis, C., Schall, U. and Scott, R. J. [[healthinf2009|"IT Support for the Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank"]], The 2nd International Conference on Health Informatics (HealthInf2009), Porto, Portugal, INSTICC, pp. 405-410, January 2009.
  - **Paul, D.**, Wallis, M., Henskens, F. A. and Hannaford, M. R. [[webist2008|"Transaction Support for Interactive Web Applications"]], The 4th International Conference on Web Information Systems & Technologies (WEBIST2008), Funchal-Madeira, Portugal, INSTICC, May 2008.
  - **Paul, D.**, Henskens, F. A. and Hannaford, M. R. [[pdcat2007|"Isolation and Web Services Transactions"]], The 8th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing Applications and Technologies (PDCAT'07), Adelaide, Australia, December 2007.
  - **Paul, D.**, Henskens, F.A., Johnston, P. and Hannaford, M.R. [[sc2006|"Portal-based Support for Mental Health Research"]], Grid Computing Environments Workshop (GCE), Supercomputing SC06, IEEE Computer Society and ACM, Tampa, Florida, November 2006.